Who Are the Druze and Why Is Israel Bombing Syria to Protect Them?

In the midst of a new wave of sectarian violence in Syria, the Druze minority has found itself at the center of rising tensions with Israel. Recent clashes between Syrian government loyalists and Druze militias in the southern city of Suwayda have led to dozens of deaths and prompted renewed Israeli airstrikes, as Israel claims it is acting to protect the Druze community.

What Happened This Week?

Syria's military entered Suwayda, a stronghold for the Druze, after clashes erupted between Druze forces and Bedouin tribes. The violence has left at least 30 people dead and injured many more. Islamist forces aligned with the Syrian government have joined the conflict, raising concerns among the Druze. In response, Israel has launched fresh strikes against Syrian forces advancing toward Suwayda, vowing to continue its attacks to protect the Druze.

Who Are the Druze?

The Druze are an Arab religious sect of roughly one million people, primarily residing in Syria, Lebanon, and Israel. In southern Syria, where the Druze form a majority in Suwayda province, they have often found themselves caught between the former Assad regime and extremist groups during the civil war.

Originating in Egypt in the 11th century, the Druze practice a unique offshoot of Islam that does not allow for converts or intermarriage. In Syria, the Druze are concentrated in areas near the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. Over 20,000 Druze live in the Golan Heights, where they share the territory with Jewish settlers.

Why Are Syrian Forces Clashing with the Druze?

The new Syrian government, led by President Ahmed al-Sharaa, has been trying to consolidate power and eliminate armed groups. However, the Druze, who have historically maintained a degree of autonomy, are resisting this effort. Some Druze leaders have welcomed government intervention, while others have called for international protection, claiming they are facing a “complete war of extermination.”

Could Israel Strike a Deal with a Country It Keeps Bombing?

Since the fall of the Assad regime in late 2024, Israel has expanded its military presence in Syria and launched repeated strikes on the country. These actions are aimed at preventing the reconstruction of military capabilities that could threaten Israel's security. Despite efforts by the United States to normalize relations between Israel and Syria, Israel has continued its military actions, complicating efforts to reach a peace agreement.

While Israel has held indirect talks with the new Syrian government, its repeated attacks and military presence have hindered progress toward normalization. President al-Sharaa has expressed hope that these talks would lead to an end to the attacks, but so far, little has changed.

What’s Next?

As the situation in Syria continues to evolve, the role of the Druze and the impact of Israeli military actions remain critical factors. The international community faces a complex challenge in balancing regional stability, the sovereignty of Syria, and the security concerns of Israel.

The coming months will be crucial in determining whether a new era of cooperation can emerge, or whether the cycle of violence and military confrontation will continue.